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与历史有关的几个理论(1/6) - 英语听力
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[00:00.02]Theories of History
[00:03.91]Good morning, class.
[00:05.85]Today's lecture is mainly concerned with some theories of history.
[00:10.63]How much of man's history do we know?
[00:14.74]We really know very little.
[00:16.45]Written records exist for only a fraction
[00:21.63]of what we suppose to have been man's time as a unique species.
[00:25.73]Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected,
[00:30.98]and the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement.
[00:36.26]It is worse when we try to reconstruct man's history before the development of writing,
[00:42.31]and this is unfortunate because the history of the greatest discoveries,
[00:47.68]such as fire,
[00:48.76]the wheel and the sail,
[00:49.23]as well as the history of the early development of human society are lost to us.
[00:55.50]The most that we can do is to use traces,
[00:58.77]deduction, speculation and the knowledge
[01:01.81]we have of the habits of those animals which have elementary social
[01:05.21]order to help us make a partial reconstruction.
[01:08.76]This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for precise information.
[01:13.87]With our knowledge of human history,
[01:16.91]which is only fragmentary at best,
[01:18.48]it is therefore nearly impossible
[01:21.70]to reconstruct the beginning and to deduce the end of the story of man.
[00:03.91]Good morning, class.
[00:05.85]Today's lecture is mainly concerned with some theories of history.
[00:10.63]How much of man's history do we know?
[00:14.74]We really know very little.
[00:16.45]Written records exist for only a fraction
[00:21.63]of what we suppose to have been man's time as a unique species.
[00:25.73]Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected,
[00:30.98]and the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement.
[00:36.26]It is worse when we try to reconstruct man's history before the development of writing,
[00:42.31]and this is unfortunate because the history of the greatest discoveries,
[00:47.68]such as fire,
[00:48.76]the wheel and the sail,
[00:49.23]as well as the history of the early development of human society are lost to us.
[00:55.50]The most that we can do is to use traces,
[00:58.77]deduction, speculation and the knowledge
[01:01.81]we have of the habits of those animals which have elementary social
[01:05.21]order to help us make a partial reconstruction.
[01:08.76]This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for precise information.
[01:13.87]With our knowledge of human history,
[01:16.91]which is only fragmentary at best,
[01:18.48]it is therefore nearly impossible
[01:21.70]to reconstruct the beginning and to deduce the end of the story of man.
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